My Research

My research develops machine learning and data mining techniques to discover knowledge for intelligent, decision support and product design software systems. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a major focus of my research. Recent CBR research learns retrieval and adaptation knowledge from the database of case knowledge. A novel complexity-based competence model is applied within maintenance algorithms to remove redundant or noisy cases, and to discover new cases for the case base. Knowledge discovery is also addressing textual CBR where knowledge sources are text or Web documents.

Application domains include pharmaceutical product design, electronic patient records, SmartHouse devices, intelligent Web agents, space applications. Collaborators include IPI Bradford, AstraZeneca, ESA, LogicaCMG, IntelliCorp, ISoft (France).

Externally, I am a member of the programme committees of ECCBR, ICCBR, ECML/PKDD; EPSRC Peer College; and the Selection Panel for Frank Knox scholarships to Harvard.

Research Projects

• Case-Based Reasoning
• CBR for Remote Patient Health-Care Monitoring (KTP)
• Complexity Modelling for CBR Systems
• MediCACE - Medical Decision Support with CBR
• Knowledge Acquisition for Case-Based Design
• Knowledge Discovery from Text
• SmartCAT Case Authoring Tool
• CBR for Anomaly Report Processing
• Intelligent Websites
• Knowledge Engineering
• KRUSTWORKS - automated knowledge refinement

Publications by Susan Craw

2009

Susan Craw. We're wiser together. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR-09), LNCS 5650, pages 1-5, Seattle, WA, 2009. Springer. Invited Keynote. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02998-1_1

Susan Craw. Agile case-based reasoning: A grand challenge towards opportunistic reasoning from experiences. In Proceedings of the IJCAI-09 Workshop on Grand Challenges in Reasoning from Experiences, pages 33-39, Pasadena, CA, 2009.

2008

Ibrahim Adeyanju, Susan Craw, Abhishek Ghose, Allyson Gray, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. RaGoUt: An arpeggio of tastes. In Workshop Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ECCBR-08), pages 229-238, Trier, Germany, 2008. Finalist of 1st Computer Cooking Contest CCC 2008 @ ECCBR 2008.

Amandine Orecchioni, Nirmalie Wiratunga, Stewart Massie, and Susan Craw. kNN aggregation with a stacked email representation. In Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ECCBR-08), pages 415-429, Trier, Germany, 2008. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85502-6_28.

2007

Susan Craw. The case base - the sequel. In Proceedings of the 12th UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning, pages 1-6, Cambridge, UK, 2007. CMS Press University of Greenwich. Invited Keynote.

Stella Asiimwe, Susan Craw, Nirmalie Wiratunga, and Bruce Taylor. Automatic text standardisation by synonym mapping. In Proceedings of the 12th UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning, pages 88-98, Cambridge, UK, 2007. CMS Press University of Greenwich.

Stella Asiimwe, Susan Craw, Bruce Taylor, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. Automatically acquiring structured case representations: The SMART way. In Proceedings of the 27th BCS SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI-2007), pages 45-58, Cambridge, UK, 2007. Springer, Heidelberg.

Stewart Massie, Susan Craw, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. When similar problems don't have similar solutions. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR-07), LNCS 4626, pages 92-106, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 2007. Springer, Heidelberg. Shortlisted for Best Paper Award. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-74141-1_7.

Stella Asiimwe, Susan Craw, Bruce Taylor, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. Case authoring: from textual reports to knowledge-rich cases. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR-07), LNCS 4626, pages 179-193, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 2007. Springer, Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-74141-1_13.

Stewart Massie, Nirmalie Wiratunga, Susan Craw, Alessandro Donati, and Emmanuel Vicari. From anomaly reports to cases. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR-07), LNCS 4626, pages 359-373, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 2007. Springer, Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-74141-1_25.

Susan Craw, Stewart Massie, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. Informed case base maintenance: A complexity profiling approach. In Proceedings of the 22nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-07), Nectar Paper, pages 1618-1621, Vancouver, BC, 2007. AAAI Press.

2006

Susan Craw, Nirmalie Wiratunga, and Ray C. Rowe. Learning adaptation knowledge to improve case-based reasoning. Artificial Intelligence, 170(16-17):1175-1192, 2006. In Top 25 Artificial Intelligence Journal papers (4th), Oct-Dec 2006, remaining 11th in Jan-Mar and 21st in Apr-Jun 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2006.09.001.

Stewart Massie, Susan Craw, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. Complexity profiling for informed case-base editing. In Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ECCBR-06), LNCS 4106, pages 325-339, Fethiye, Turkey, 2006. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. Shortlisted for Best Paper Award. doi: 10.1007/11805816_25.

Stella Asiimwe, Susan Craw, and Bruce Taylor. Discovering a concept hierarchy from smarthouse reports. In Proceedings of the 3rd Textual Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, pages 88-97, Fethiye, Turkey, 2006.

Nirmalie Wiratunga, Stewart Massie, Susan Craw, Alessandro Donati, and Emmanuel Vicari. Case based reasoning for anomaly report p rocessing. In Proceedings of the 3rd Textual Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, pages 44-54, Fethiye, Turkey, 2006.

K.B. Matthews, K. Buchan, A.R. Sibbald, and S. Craw. Combining deliberative and computer-based methods for multi-objective land-use planning. Agricultural Systems, 87(1):18-37, 2006. In Top 25 Agriculture Systems Journal papers (12th), Oct-Dec 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.11.002.

2005

Ramon Lopez de Mantaras, David McSherry, Derek Bridge, David Leake, Barry Smyth, Susan Craw, Boi Faltings, Mary Lou Maher, Michael T. Cox, Kenneth Forbus, Mark Keane, Agnar Aamodt, and Ian Watson. Retrieval, reuse, revision, and retention in case-based reasoning. Knowledge Engineering Review, 20(3):215-240, 2005. doi: 10.1017/S0269888906000646.

Ashok K. Goel and Susan Craw. Design, innovation and case-based reasoning. Knowledge Engineering Review, 20(3):271-276, 2005. doi: 10.1017/S0269888906000609.

Stewart Massie, Susan Craw, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. Complexity-guided case discovery for case based reasoning. In Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), pages 216-221, Pittsburgh, PA, 2005. AAAI Press.

Susan Craw. Research report. In 10th Anniversary Report of Ishida Laboratory, Kyoto University, pages 31-32. 2005.

Stewart Massie, Susan Craw, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. What is CBR competence? BCS-SGAI Expert Update, 8(1):7-10, 2005.

2004

Stewart Massie, Susan Craw, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. A visualisation tool to explain case-base reasoning solutions for tablet formulation. In Proceedings of the 24th BCS SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI-2004), pages 222-234, Cambridge, UK, 2004. Springer-Verlag.

Stewart Massie, Susan Craw, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. Visualisation of casebased reasoning for explanation. In Workshop Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, pages 135-144,Madrid, Spain, 2004. TR 142-04, Departamento de Sistemas Informaticos y Programacion, Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Nirmalie Wiratunga, Susan Craw, Bruce Taylor, and Genevieve Davis. Casebased reasoning for matching SmartHouse technology to people's needs. Knowledge Based Systems, 17(2-4):139-146, 2004. In Top 25 KBS Journal papers (13th), July-September 2004. doi: 10.1016/j.knosys.2004.03.009. 2003

2003

Nirmalie Wiratunga, Susan Craw, Bruce Taylor, and Genevieve Davis. CBR for SmartHouse technology. In Proceedings of the 23rd BCS SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI-2003), Cambridge, UK, 2003. Springer-Verlag.

Susan Craw. Introspective learning to build case-based reasoning (CBR) knowledge containers. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition, LNCS 2734, pages 1-6, Leipzig, Germany, 2003. Springer-Verlag. Invited Keynote.

Genevieve Davis, Nirmalie Wiratunga, Bruce Taylor, and Susan Craw. Matching SmartHouse technology to needs of the elderly and disabled. In Workshop Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, pages 29-36, Trondheim, Norway, 2003. NTNU CS TR 4/2004.

Nirmalie Wiratunga, Susan Craw, and Stewart Massie. Index driven selective sampling for CBR. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, LNCS 2689, pages 637-651, Trondheim, Norway, 2003. Springer-Verlag.

2002

Susan Craw and Alun Preece, editors. Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, LNCS 2416. Springer-Verlag, 2002.

Nirmalie Wiratunga, Susan Craw, and Ray Rowe. Learning to adapt for casebased design. In Susan Craw and Alun Preece, editors, Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, LNCS 2416, pages 423-437, Aberdeen, UK, 2002. Springer-Verlag.

Keith Matthews, K. Buchan, A.R. Sibbald, and Susan Craw. Using softsystems methods to evaluate the outputs from multi-objective land use planning tools. In A. Rizzoli et al., editor, Integrated Assessment and Decision Support: Proceedings of the 1st biennial meeting, volume 3, pages 247-252, Lugano, Switzerland, 2002. International Environmental Modelling and Software Society.

Susan Craw and Ray Rowe. Case-based reasoning for tablet formulation: A novel technology to re-use past formulations. In Drug Delivery Companies Report, pages 14-17. Pharmaventures, Spring 2002. www.worldpharmaweb.com/ddcr/article1.pdf.

2001

Nirmalie Wiratunga and Susan Craw. Informed selection of filter examples for knowledge refinement. In Proceedings of the 21st BCS SGES International Conference on Knowledge Based Systems and Applied Artificial Intelligence, pages 233-246, Cambridge, England, 2001. Springer-Verlag.

Susan Craw. Case-based reasoning for tablet formulation. In Science Proceedings of the British Pharmaceutical Conference, page 316, Glasgow, Scotland, 2001. Cambridge University Press. Invited Keynote.

Susan Craw, Jacek Jarmulak, and Ray Rowe. Learning and applying case-based adaptation knowledge. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, LNCS 2080, pages 131-145, Vancouver, Canada, 2001. Springer-Verlag.

Jacek Jarmulak, Susan Craw, and Ray Rowe. Using case-base data to learn adaptation knowledge for design. In Bernhard Nebel, editor, P roceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 01), pages 1011-1016, Seattle, WA, 2001. Morgan Kaufmann.

Susan Craw, Jacek Jarmulak, and Ray Rowe. Maintaining retrieval knowledge in a case-based reasoning system. Computational Intelligence, 17(2):346-363, 2001. doi: 10.1111/0824-7935.00149.

2000

K. B. Matthews, Susan Craw, S. Elder, and A. R. Sibbald. Evaluating multiobjective land use planning tools using soft systems methods. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the BCS Planning and Scheduling Special Interest Group, pages 109-120, Milton-Keynes, UK, 2000.

Susan Craw. Decision support systems: Getting them right and keeping them right. International Conference on Computing and Information, 2000. Invited Keynote.

Jacek Jarmulak, Susan Craw, and Ray Rowe. Self-optimising CBR retrieval. In Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Tools with AI, pages 376-383, Vancouver, Canada, 2000. IEEE Press.

Susan Craw and Robin Boswell. Debugging knowledge-based applications with a generic toolkit. In Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Tools with AI, pages 182-185, Vancouver, Canada, 2000. IEEE Press.

Robin Boswell and Susan Craw. Experiences with a generic refinement toolkit. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW2000), LNCS 1937, pages 249-256, Juan Les Pins, France, 2000. Springer-Verlag.

Nirmalie Wiratunga and Susan Craw. Informed selection of training examples for knowledge refinement. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW2000), LNCS 1937, pages 233-248, Juan Les Pins, France, 2000. Springer-Verlag.

Jacek Jarmulak, Susan Craw, and Ray Rowe. Genetic algorithms to optimise CBR retrieval. In Proceedings of the 5th European Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning, LNCS 1898, pages 136-147, Trento, Italy, 2000. Springer-Verlag.

Keith B. Matthews, Susan Craw, Stewart Elder, Alan R. Sibbald, and Iain MacKenzie. Applying genetic algorithms to multi-objective land use planning. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2000), pages 613-620, Las Vegas, NV, 2000. AAAI Press.

1999

K. B. Matthews, Susan Craw, I. MacKenzie, S. Elder, and A. R. Sibbald. Applying genetic algorithms to land use planning. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the BCS Planning and Scheduling Special Interest Group, pages 109-115, Salford, UK, 1999.

Nirmalie Wiratunga and Susan Craw. Sequencing training examples for iterative knowledge refinement. In Proceedings of the 19th BCS SGES International Conference on Knowledge Based Systems and Applied Artificial Intelligence, pages 41-56, Cambridge, England, 1999. Springer-Verlag.

Susan Craw. Reinforcement learning for information seeking. In Mounia Lalmas and Alison Causey, editors, Searching for Information: Artificial Intelligence and Information Retrieval Approaches, number 99/199 in IEE Informatics, pages 8/1-8/4, Glasgow, Scotland, 1999. Invited Paper.

Susan Craw, Robin Boswell, and Raymond C. Rowe. Automated knowledge refinement for rule-based formulation expert system. Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Today, 2(9):383-385, 1999.

Jacek Jarmulak and Susan Craw. Genetic algorithms for feature selection and weighting. In Proceedings of the IJCAI'99 workshop on Automating the Construction of Case Based Reasoners, pages 28-33, 1999.

Susan Craw and Robin Boswell. Representing problem-solving for knowledge refinement. In Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99), pages 227-234, Orlando, FL, 1999. AAAI Press/MIT Press.

Nirmalie Wiratunga and Susan Craw. Incorporating backtracking search with knowledge refinement. In Proceedings of the 5th European Symposium on the Validation and Verification of Knowledge Based Systems, pages 193-205, Oslo, Norway, 1999. Kluwer.

Robin Boswell and Susan Craw. Organising knowledge refinement operators. In Proceedings of the 5th European Symposium on the Validation and Verification of Knowledge Based Systems, pages 149-161, Oslo, Norway, 1999. Kluwer.

R. C. Rowe, S. Craw, and N. Wiratunga. Case-based reasoning - a new approach to tablet formulation. Pharmaceutical Technology Europe, 11:36-40, 1999.

Keith B. Matthews, Alan R. Sibbald, Susan Craw, I. MacKenzie, and S. Elder. Implementation of a spatial decision support system for rural land use planning: integrating GIS and environmental models with search and optimisation algorithms. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 23(1):9-26, 1999. doi:10.1016/S0168-1699(99)00005-8.

Robin Boswell and Susan Craw. Knowledge modelling for a generic refinement framework. Knowledge Based Systems, 12(5-6):317-325, 1999. doi: 10.1016/S0950-7051(99)00018-0.

1998

Robin Boswell and Susan Craw. Knowledge modelling for a generic refinement framework. In Proceedings of the BCS Expert Systems '98 Conference, pages 58-74, Cambridge, UK, 1998. Springer-Verlag.

Susan Craw, Nirmalie Wiratunga, and Ray Rowe. Case-based design for tablet formulation. In Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning, pages 358-369, Dublin, Eire, 1998. Springer-Verlag.

1997

Susan Craw, Robin Boswell, and Ray Rowe. Knowledge refinement to debug and maintain a tablet formulation system. In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, pages 446-453, Newport Beach, CA, 1997. IEEE Press. Shortlisted for Best Paper Award.

Robin Boswell, Susan Craw, and Ray Rowe. Knowledge refinement for a design system. In Enric Plaza and Richard Benjamins, editors, Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling and Management, Proceedings of the 10th European Workshop (EKAW97), LNCS 1319, pages 49-64, Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain, 1997. Springer-Verlag.

Gareth J. Palmer and Susan Craw. The selection of training cases for automated knowledge refinement. In Jan Vanthienen and Frank van Harmelen, editors, Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on the Validation and Verification of Knowledge Based Systems (EUROVAV97), pages 205-215, Leuven, Belgium, June 1997.

Marie-Christine Rousset and Susan Craw. ECAI-96 workshop on validation, verification and refinement of KBS: A short report. Knowledge Engineering Review, 12(1):95-98, 1997. doi: 10.1017/S0269888997000052.

1996

Gareth J. Palmer and Susan Craw. The role of test cases in automated knowledge refinement. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Technical Conference of the British Computer Society Specialist Group on Expert Systems, pages 75-90, Cambridge, UK, 1996. SGES Publications.

Robin Boswell, Susan Craw, and Ray Rowe. Refinement of a product formulation expert system. In Proceedings of the ECAI-96 Workshop on Validation, Verification and Refinement of KBS, pages 74-79, Budapest, Hungary, August 1996.

Susan Craw. Refinement complements verification and validation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 44(2):245-256, 1996. doi: 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0012.

1995 and Earlier

Susan Craw and Paul Hutton. Protein folding: Symbolic refinement competes with neural networks. In Armand Prieditis and Stuart Russell, editors, Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference, pages 133-141, Tahoe City, CA, 1995. Morgan Kaufmann.

Gareth J. Palmer and Susan Craw. Utilising explanation to assist the refinement of knowledge-based systems. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Symposium on the Validation and Verification of Knowledge Based Systems (EUROVAV-95), pages 201-211, 1995.

Susan Craw and Derek Sleeman. Refinement in response to validation. Expert Systems with Applications, 8(3):343-349, 1995. doi:10.1016/09574174(94)E0025-P.

D. Sleeman, M. Rissakis, S. Craw, N. Graner, and S. Sharma. Consultant-2: Pre- and post-processing of machine learning applications. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 43(1):43-63, 1995. doi: 10.1006/ijhc.1995.1035.

Susan Craw, Derek Sleeman, Robin Boswell, and Leonardo Carbonara. Is knowledge refinement different from theory revision? In Proceedings of the ECML-94 Workshop on Theory Revision and Restructuring in Machine Learning, pages 32-34, Catania, Italy, 1994.

Nicolas Graner, Sunil Sharma, Derek Sleeman, Michael Rissakis, Chris Moore, and Susan Craw. The Machine Learning Toolbox Consultant. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 2(3):307-328, 1993. doi:10.1142/S0218213093000163.

Susan Craw. Refinement assists quality assurance. In Proceedings of the IJCAI93 Workshop on Validation of Knowledge-based Systems, pages 5-15, Chambery, France, August 1993.

Susan Craw and Derek Sleeman. Refinement in response to validation. In J. Cardenosa and P.Meseguer, editors, Proceedings of the European Symposium on the Validation and Verification of Knowledge Based Systems (EUROVAV-93), pages 85-99, Palma, Spain, 1993.

Sunil Sharma, Nicolas Graner, D. Sleeman, Michael Rissakis, and Susan Craw. A Consultant for applying machine learning to real world problems. In Yves Kodratoff and Pat Langley, editors, Proceedings of the ECML93 Workshop on Real World Applications of ML, Vienna, Austria, 1993.

Susan Craw, Derek Sleeman, Nicolas Graner, Michael Rissakis, and Sunil Sharma. CONSULTANT: Providing advice for The Machine Learning Toolbox. In Max Bramer, editor, Proceedings of the 12th Annual Technical Conference of the British Computer Society Specialist Group on Expert Systems, pages 5-23, Cambridge, UK, 1992. Cambridge University Press. Best Technical Paper.

Yves Kodratoff, Derek Sleeman, Marc Uszynski, Karine Causse, and Susan Craw. Building a machine learning toolbox. In Luc S teels and B. Lepape, editors, Enhancing the Knowledge Engineering Process - Contributions from ESPRIT, pages 81-108. Elsevier, 1992.

D. Sleeman, Susan Craw, Ian G. Ellery, Sunil Sharma, and Peter Edwards. Machine learning, knowledge-base refinement & knowledge acquisition: Systems which cope with incomplete and inconsistent knowledge-bases. In Marc Lister and Brian R Gaines, editors, Proceedings of the Fifth European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (EKAW91), pages 332-342, Crieff, UK, 1992. GMD Studien Nr. 211.

Susan Craw and D. Sleeman. The flexibility of speculative refinement. In L. Birnbaum and G. Collins, editors, Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop, pages 28-32, Evanston, IL, 1991. Morgan Kaufmann.

Susan Craw. Automating the Refinement of Knowledge Based Systems. PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991.

Susan Craw. Judging knowledge base quality. In M. Ayel and J-P. Laurent, editors, Validation, Verification and Test of Knowledge-Based Systems, pages 207-219. Wiley, 1991.

Susan Craw and D. Sleeman. Automating the refinement of knowledge-based systems. In L. C. Aiello, editor, Proceedings of the 9th European Conf on AI (ECAI90), pages 167-172, Stockholm, Sweden, 1990. Pitman.

D. Sleeman, Steve Messick, Neil A. B. Gray, and Susan Ross. An aide for checking the consistency of a theory, CONCHE. In Y. Kodratoff and A. Hutchinson, editors, Machine and Human Learning, pages 51-52. Kogan Page, London, 1989.

Ian G. Craw and Susan M. Ross. Separable algebras over a commutative Banach Algebra. Pacific Journal of Mathematics, 104(2):317-336, 1983.

Susan M. Ross. Homotopy in Banach Algebras. Master's thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1979.